Server desyncs from Client, resulting in different states in each

Whenever the server (online or internal) lags, the client's position might be offset server-side. If the position is greater than a half of a block, the server-side player will snap back to the client's position after some time. However, since the server-side player also experiences world effects (like gravity and slime blocks), the player can enter many unintentional states such as the following:

1. Burning when jumping around lava even though the player does not touch it
2. Triggering nether and end portals where the player should not
3. Collecting items where the player should not
4. Throwing projectiles from the wrong spot (not to be confused with MCPE-31896)
5. and possibly more

Video Examples (Youtube playlist of 9 videos)

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAEj2GCUwNdHVdBCZN1WsdwsYJIqBhrqL