Can't join multiplayer servers or worlds

Every time I try to join a server it says "Connecting to external server" for about 30-60 seconds, and when I try to join my friend's multiplayer world it says "Connecting to multiplayer game" for a similar length of time. When this is done, it gives me the error screen "There was a problem connecting to the world. Please try again. If this error continues, check your internet connection or try restarting Minecraft. Unable to connect to world."

When I test my internet connection with the switch, it says "Success" and I have the full 3 arcs of Wi-Fi in the top corner on the home screen. No matter how many times I restart my game, the issue persists.