Cannot Earn Achievements

I haven't been able to earn achievements since I redownloaded Minecraft on my computer a couple weeks ago. At first, my Microsoft account would be signed in (outlook.com) on the main menu but as soon as I would enter any world it would immediately sign out. 

I uninstalled the old game and launcher I was on yesterday, and downloaded the new one they just released. That has not fixed the achievements issue, and it has also made my game laggy to an unplayable point. 

I figured it might be my Xbox companion being logged into a different account, but when I righted that the achievements still won't come. 

I'm missing out on some cool cosmetics and just the achievements in general, and I'm not sure where to proceed from here.