As of the 1.17/ 1.17.2 update for console geodes do not spawn in world created in past versions.

As the summary states, amethyst geodes do not spawn in worlds created in previous versions of minecraft. In one of my old worlds I went to search for this new geode (assisted by chunkbase). (If you don't know what chunkbase is, it's a website that takes your seed and gives you a map with coordinates and a legend) I entered my seed and headed to the coordinates of a geode in a chunk that I would be generating for the first time. After clearing two chunks searching for the geode I gave up and exited the world. I then created a new world with the same seed and teleported to the coordinates of the supposed geode and it was there; viola.