Microsoft login window does nothing and appears broken

When attempting to sign in with a Microsoft account, the login window appears broken, and clicking the buttons or links does nothing. The issue does not occur on Windows.

 
Steps to Reproduce:

1. Start the Minecraft launcher while logged out
2. Select 'Microsoft Login'
3. Attempt to log in

 
Observed Results:

The login window has missing formatting and the buttons and links do nothing

 
Expected Results:

The login window should appear correctly and allow the user to sign in

 
Screenshots/Videos: