Launcher fails to start: "Unable to initialize the network library"

I installed the official Minecraft Launcher for Linux on popOS (Ubuntu 22.04) from the deb at https://www.minecraft.net/en-us/download but nothing happens when I click the launcher to run it. When I run "minecraft-launcher" in the Terminal, I immediately get this output and nothing else:

$ minecraft-launcher
MessageBox(Minecraft Launcher): Unable to initialize the network library.

It exits with code 255.

Previous advice I got was to "use a different operating system" but this is not an acceptable workaround.