Launcher stuck in update loop on Linux despite valid path

The launcher no longer finishes updating on Linux. It will properly download the launcher update, but when it is done, it enters an infinite loop of closing, re-opening, staying open for less than a second while walking through the update text from beginning to "Cleaning up...," closing itself, re-opening itself again, etc. This is unrelated to the known issue MCL-17255 as my .minecraft folder is not a symlink and is setup normally in my home folder. Even deleting the .minecraft folder completely and re-installing the launcher from the official deb file did not resolve the issue.