Launcher files can occasionally become corrupt, causing unexpected behavior

Certain files being corrupt or missing can cause the launcher to behave unexpectedly.
Files becoming corrupt seems to be relatively new.

Windows
Confirmed:

1. 'game/cef.pak' and 'game/icudtl.dat' : Launcher fails to start, sometimes leaving a process running in the background
2. 'game/v8_context_snapshot.bin' : Launcher is blank and window title is missing

Observed through testing, not yet confirmed:

1. 'game/chrome_elf.dll' and 'game/launcher.dll' : Dialogs can appear:
   "Couldn't load launcher core from '<launcher installation dir>\game\launcher.dll': LoadErrorNotPresent"
   "Unable to start the Minecraft Runtime Environment. This is most likely caused by a corruption. Please try to reinstall Minecraft."
   See also: MCL-11754

Workaround
Deleting the game folder in the launcher directory (Usually C:\Program Files (x86)\Minecraft Launcher) and having the launcher redownload the corrupt and/or missing files fixes the issue. Deleting the 'game/.version' file should work too. In the case there is a prompt saying a file is already in use, restart the device then retry the workaround.