Minecraft 1.12 is not installed correctly through the launcher (Fonts and other assets missing)

After booting up the game on version 1.12.2, the main menu had buttons with no text and the background would not work, staying in a dark gray and white color. When loading into a world, it would not generate properly, leading to dark lighting and invisible chunks. I have tried repairing the launcher but it did not change anything. The version was completely vannilla, with no mods or texture packs added.