16w03a Mining Fatigue Glitch
In previous minecraft snapshots, the mining fatigue status effect did not allow the player to hit entities if the level was high enough (for example mining fatigue 255 did not allow players to hit entities). I believe this was extremely useful and should not have been removed. No, what it can be used for is not a replacement for the scoreboard team based friendly fire. Hopefully removing it was just a mistake, and I hope it will be added back soon.