Massive Client / Server desynchronisation

I tried to use a minecart, right clicked the minecart and pressed the launch button of the railway.
At first glance nothing happened except the minecart has disappeared.
A nearby door opened without anything on the pressure plate.
Attempts to close the door failed, the door reopened immediately.
Breaking the pressure plate didn't help.
While trying do destroy the malfunctioning door suddenly the chunks around me dissolved, eventually the chunk under my feet and I fell into the void, I quitted the game immediately.
After re-entering I found me driving in the minecart quite far away from the starting point.
When driving back to the starting point, everything was like nothing happened: The pressure plate was in-place, the door was shut.

I assume that the server did all right and drove the minecart with me in a correct manner, but the client desynched and did it's own game. Eventually the chunks were unloading and I fell into the void.

The server log has no entries around that time. No Client crash report, no logfile. No screenshot. Issue not reproducible.