When playing Minecraft Launcher terminates after displaying the Mojang screen

We had issues since, updating to Windows 8. I installed an old driver for the Intel Graphics adapter and that worked for a while...

...now it does not work anymore.

After launching Minecraft Launcher 1.3.11, logging in, and hitting 'Play' the Mojang screen appears as expected.

Then the Minecraft game should have started, but instead the screen terminates an I am back at the Launcher.

Steps to Reproduce:
1. double-click Minecraft icon
2. when prompted to log on, type in UID and Passwd
3. Hit 'Play'

See the attached DxDiag-Output and a dump of the console...