The out_of_world damage type does not destroy certain entities, unlike the void

When using the damage command to inflict out_of_world damage on entities such as arrows or falling blocks, they do not lose health or get destroyed. 

To reproduce, shoot arrows into the void and they will disappear. However, arrows will never get destroyed no matter how many times the following command is run: 

damage @e[type=arrow,limit=1] 1 minecraft:out_of_world