Game Crashes with Exit Code 6

When I launch Minecraft on my Mac (Montery 12.4), it crashes with Exit Code 6.

I've tried releases 1.19 and 1.19.1-pre2. I've removed and reinstalled the launcher, and removed and reinstalled java (Java 8 Update 333). I've tried different accounts on the same Mac. Worked fine one day, started crashing the next without any observable cause.

I've attached the crash report that's shown by Minecraft.