Versions above 1.8 stutter even with high FPS

I have always played on 1.8 and mainly stuck to it. This was until recently, I've been trying out a new server and it's recommended that you use a newer version to be able to see new blocks and features. Very quickly I noticed that every few seconds the game would stutter which began to drive me insane.

I tried many solutions to fix the stuttering, changing render distance to the lowest, turning on v-sync allocating more RAM, uninstalling and reinstalling, playing without optifine, updating my graphics driver to the latest, despite everything I've tried I cannot figure out the stuttering issue and it has killed my desire to play on the new server I found. It's not just the server either, it's every server when I play on anything past 1.8 and I'm becoming desperate for a fix because I cannot stand to play with constant stuttering.

I have searched far and wide on the internet for a single person with the same issue to no avail. I don't know if it's something just wrong with my computer or some setting I have accidentally enabled.

java version "1.8.0_331"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_331-b09)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.331-b09, mixed mode)
Processor Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 CPU @ 3.20GHz 3.19 GHz
Installed RAM 16.0 GB (15.8 GB usable)
System type 64-bit operating system, x64-based processor