Certain custom biome settings cause game to spam "Received invalid biome id: -1" in the console, causing major lag or freeze

The bug

When teleporting to a dimension with custom biomes the client sometimes freezes or experiences major lag, with warnings in the output log "Received invalid biome id: -1". In some cases the chunks eventually load, but then some chunks appear to have the ID "null" while other chunks appear to have the ID "minecraft:ocean". At this point crossing chunk borders will cause more chunks in the distance to generate and more warnings to be spamming in the log.

How to reproduce

1. Download the attached data pack MC-197616.zip and add it to a newly created world
2. After spawning in, fly up a bit and teleport to the mc:197616 custom dimension

   /execute in mc:197616 run tp @s ~ ~ ~
   

3. The chunks load correctly with the correct biome in F3
4. Teleport back to the overworld

   /execute in minecraft:overworld run tp @s ~ ~ ~
   

5. Move away a few chunks and then teleport back to the mc:197616 dimension

   /execute in mc:197616 run tp @s ~ ~ ~
   

6. The client freezes and lots of warnings appear in the output log (more than 1000 per second)
7. If this doesn't happen (the world loads correctly) repeat steps 4 and 5. This seems to be related to render distance and world generation speed.