Cannot interact with the world after dying in the end or the nether without a valid spawn point

The bug

When dying in the Nether or in the End without a valid spawn point, after respawning you cannot place blocks or use portals.

After closing and reopening the world, MC-175988 will happen.

To reproduce

1. Have no valid spawn point (run /spawnpoint at a blocked location)
2. Go to the end or the nether
3. Die
4. Try to place blocks or use nether portals
   → Both won't work