Throwing an ender pearl into a Nether or End portal often has no effect

The bug

It appears throwing an ender pearl into a Nether or End portal often has no effect. Previously it would teleport the player (though also unreliably, see MC-86850).

Also note that often the ender pearl just goes through the portal (which did not happen that often previously?), therefore place multiple portals behind each other.

How to reproduce

1. Place multiple Nether portals behind each other

   1. /fill ~1 ~ ~1 ~11 ~4 ~4 obsidian
      

   2. /fill ~1 ~1 ~2 ~11 ~3 ~3 air
      

   3. /fill ~1 ~1 ~2 ~11 ~1 ~2 fire
      

2. Enter them and then return (to make sure the other dimension is loaded)
3. Throw an ender pearl into them
   Nothing happens, the ender pearl neither teleports you in the current, nor in the target dimension; it just disappears

Note: You might see endermite in the target dimension.