Items with right-click actions do not function when aiming at an entity

When I am within punch/interact range of an entity and my cursor is aiming directly at it, items with right-click actions do not function. I cannot shoot arrows, raise my shield, throw snowballs, etc.

As far as I can tell, this affects every entity, not just entities with right-click actions. Paintings, chickens, skeletons, etc. all block my ability to fire arrows or raise my shield.

To reproduce: Spawn a mob, stand within interact range of it, and attempt to shoot an arrow.

 

Sorry if this is a duplicate, it's an unusually difficult and abstract thing to search for.