[MC-132986] Minecraft crashes on Java 10 (com.mojang.datafixers)

When trying to launch Minecraft with Java 10, the game immediately crashes with the following error message (note that CMSIncrementalMode was disabled, as it isn't supported in Java 10):

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: Option UseConcMarkSweepGC was deprecated in version 9.0 and will likely be removed in a future release.
[18:56:01] [Client thread/INFO]: Setting user: moulins
Exception in thread "Client thread" java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
	at pc.c(SourceFile:466)
	at ces.<init>(SourceFile:355)
	at net.minecraft.client.main.Main.main(SourceFile:144)
Caused by: java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
	at java.base/java.util.HashMap.computeIfAbsent(HashMap.java:1139)
	at com.mojang.datafixers.DSL.taggedChoiceType(DSL.java:213)
	at com.mojang.datafixers.types.templates.TaggedChoice.lambda$null$1(TaggedChoice.java:72)
	at java.base/java.util.HashMap.computeIfAbsent(HashMap.java:1138)
	at com.mojang.datafixers.types.templates.TaggedChoice.lambda$apply$2(TaggedChoice.java:71)
	at com.mojang.datafixers.types.templates.Named.lambda$apply$0(Named.java:43)
	at com.mojang.datafixers.types.templates.Check$1.apply(Check.java:45)
	at com.mojang.datafixers.types.templates.Sum$1.apply(Sum.java:50)
	at com.mojang.datafixers.types.templates.Sum$1.apply(Sum.java:50)
	at com.mojang.datafixers.types.templates.Sum$1.apply(Sum.java:50)
	at com.mojang.datafixers.types.templates.Sum$1.apply(Sum.java:50)
	at com.mojang.datafixers.types.families.RecursiveTypeFamily.lambda$null$1(RecursiveTypeFamily.java:107)
	at com.mojang.datafixers.types.templates.RecursivePoint$RecursivePointType.unfold(RecursivePoint.java:132)
	at com.mojang.datafixers.types.templates.RecursivePoint$RecursivePointType.findCheckedType(RecursivePoint.java:183)
	at com.mojang.datafixers.schemas.Schema.getType(Schema.java:80)
	at com.mojang.datafixers.schemas.Schema.findChoiceType(Schema.java:111)
	at com.mojang.datafixers.schemas.Schema.getChoiceType(Schema.java:103)
	at aay.getChoiceType(SourceFile:23)
	at aef$a.a(SourceFile:440)
	at aef.a(SourceFile:131)
	at aef.<clinit>(SourceFile:137)
	... 3 more

This only happens on 1.13-pre5 and 1.13-pre6, older versions run just fine.