Minecraft freezes after short period of time

Minecraft freezes after I load my survival world between mere seconds up to 3 minutes after I start playing. It still plays the sound effects, but the picture is completely frozen. I have never had an issue before the latest Java version, but I thought that just updated the launcher.

What I expected to happen was the game would freeze and automatically issue an error message or just be lagging a bit.

Instead, it just stayed frozen and no error message came up. My character would sometimes be in the middle of a jump and it would stay there, but I could hear it land a second after it froze. If I had just broken a block, I could hear my character picking up the block after the freeze.